Spinal Fusion Surgery

Under general anaesthesia, the patient is positioned prone (or supine for anterior approaches). The surgeon exposes the target vertebrae through a midline or minimally invasive incision, decompresses the neural elements if required, and prepares the disc space and facet joints for fusion. An interbody cage packed with bone graft is inserted into the disc space (or graft is laid posterolaterally), and pedicle screws and rods are placed to immobilise the segment. Image guidance or robotic navigation is used in many modern centres. The wound is closed in layers over a drain.

1. 1Standing radiographs, MRI and (where indicated) CT and flexion-extension views.
2. 2Comprehensive medical and anaesthetic assessment; cardiopulmonary optimisation.
3. 3Stop smoking 6-8 weeks before surgery - nicotine significantly impairs bony fusion.
4. 4Pre-operative physiotherapy and education about log-rolling, transfers and post-operative exercises.
5. 5Stop NSAIDs and certain biologic agents per surgical protocol to support fusion biology.

1. 1Day 0-1: Mobilisation with physiotherapy within 24 hours; pain controlled with multimodal analgesia.
2. 2Days 2-5: Hospital discharge once mobile and pain controlled; oral analgesia continues.
3. 3Weeks 2-4: Wound check and stitch removal; gentle walking and prescribed core exercises.
4. 4Weeks 4-6: Most patients return to desk work; avoid lifting more than 5 kg and twisting/bending.
5. 5Months 3-6: Imaging confirms early fusion; gradual return to low-impact exercise and driving.
6. 6Months 6-12: Mature fusion; return to most sport and full lifting per surgeon advice.

Typically $80,000 to $150,000, according to CostHelper.

Plan on about 10 days, from arrival to the flight home. Your surgeon will confirm when it is safe to travel.

Most U.S. health plans do not pay for elective surgery abroad, and cosmetic procedures are not covered at all. The CDC also warns that care for complications after surgery abroad may not be covered, so check your plan before you book.